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Silk Roads for the 21st Century: Engineering Mega-Infrastructure for Development and Sustainability

Tony Marjoram

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第3期   页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016038

摘要： Infrastructure facilitates the movement of people, the production and distribution of goods and services, and underpins development. Infrastructure is expensive and long-lasting, and needs long-term policy, planning and management, in terms of design, construction, operation and maintenance. Infrastructure relates particularly to engineering and technology. All technological change brings economic, social, cultural and environmental change, planned and unpredicted. Mega levels of technology bring mega levels of change, effects and impacts. Mega infrastructure such as the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) initiative, announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013, will require equally mega policy, planning and management. This paper will discuss policy, planning and management issues relating to mega infrastructure and the OBOR initiative, with particular reference to energy, communications, transportation, health, emergency preparedness and response, and less predictable areas of change, for example in disease prevention and control, within the overall need for economic, environmental and ecological sustainability. The paper will discuss associated needs for education, training and capacity building in engineering. The paper will also refer to lessons learnt from the original Silk Road in the context of the development of civilizations and intercultural dialogue through the transfer of goods, services, technologies, ideas, knowledge, customs, cultures and philosophies, less predictable and unwanted transfers, for example of disease, and the need for awareness, policy, planning and management of such wider issues.

关键词： infrastructure     growth     development     sustainability     change     new Silk Roads    

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A novel strategy for the construction of silk fibroin–SiO composite aerogel with enhanced mechanical

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 288-297 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2222-7

摘要： The practical application of silica aerogels is an enormous challenge due to the difficulties in improving both mechanical property and thermal insulation performance. In this work, silk fibroin was used as scaffold to improve the mechanical property and thermal insulation performance of silica aerogels. The ungelled SiO2 precursor solution was impregnated into silk fibroin to prepare silk fibroin–SiO2 composite aerogels via sol−gel method followed by freeze-drying. By virtue of the interfacial hydrogen-bonding interactions and chemical reactions between silk fibroin and silica nanoparticles, SiO2 was well-dispersed in the silk fibroin aerogel and composite aerogels exhibited enhanced mechanical property. By increasing the loading of silk fibroin from 15 wt % to 21 wt %, the maximum compressive stress was enhanced from 0.266 to 0.508 MPa when the strain reached 50%. The thermal insulation performance of the composite aerogels was improved compared with pure silica aerogel, as evidenced that the thermal conductivity was decreased from 0.0668 to 0.0341 W∙m‒1∙K‒1. Moreover, the composite aerogels exhibited better hydrophobicity and fire retardancy compared to pure silica aerogel. Our work provides a novel approach to preparing silk fibroin–SiO2 composite aerogels with enhanced mechanical property and thermal insulation performance, which has potential application as thermal insulation material.

关键词： silica aerogel     silk fibroin     impregnation     thermal insulation     mechanical property    

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Construction of sustainable, colored and multifunctional protein silk fabric using biomass riboflavin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1131-1139 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2321-0

摘要： Riboflavin sodium phosphate has been confirmed as a promising biomass product derived from natural plants. In this paper, a novel method of dyeing and multifunctional modification of silk fabric by impregnation with riboflavin sodium phosphate was proposed, such that protein silk fabric can be endowed with bright yellow color and multi-functionality. The results of this paper confirmed that the pH and concentration of riboflavin sodium phosphate solution are critical factors for dyeing and multifunctional modification. Attractively, the photochromic performance was one of the most distinctive features of the modified silk fabric, and the dyed silk fabric turned into fluorescent green from original yellow under 365 nm ultraviolet lamp. Furthermore, the modified silk fabric exhibited good antibacterial properties with a high inhibition rate of 92% for Escherichia coli. Besides, the flame retardancy of silk fabric was significantly improved after modification. The damaged length of modified silk fabric with 40% owf riboflavin sodium phosphate was lower than 10.4 cm and passed the B1 classification. As revealed by the result of this paper, riboflavin sodium phosphate is sufficiently effective in serving as an eco-friendly multifunctional agent for strengthening the add-value of silk textiles.

关键词： biomass     riboflavin sodium phosphate     silk protein     multifunctional modification     flame retardant    

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Structural synthesis of ancient Chinese foot-operated silk-reeling mechanism

Kuohung HSIAO, Yuhsun CHEN, Hongsen YAN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第3期   页码 279-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0101-2

摘要： This work synthesizes the structures of the foot-operated silk-reeling mechanism, which was vaguely depicted in many literatures in ancient China. Based on the analysis of the mechanism, the structural characteristics and design constraints of the mechanism with indeterminate links and joints are concluded. Then, according to the concepts of generalization and specialization subject to the concluded design constraints, all feasible structures of the mechanism that met the technological standards of the subject’s time period are reconstructed. This reconstruction process provides a logical foundation to better understanding, clarification, and suggestions for the issue of ancient mechanical drawings with indeterminate links and joints.

关键词： silk-reeling mechanism     structure of mechanism     reconstruction design     history of machinery    

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Determination of energy dissipation of a spider silk structure under impulsive loading

Jorge ALENCASTRE,Carlos MAGO,Richard RIVERA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第10卷 第3期   页码 306-310 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0349-7

摘要：

Various researches and studies have demonstrated that spider silk is much stronger and more deformable than a steel string of the same diameter from a mechanical approach. These excellent properties have caused many scientific disciplines to get involved, such as bio-mechanics, bio-materials and bio-mimetics, in order to create a material of similar properties and characteristics. It should be noted that the researches and studies have been oriented mainly as a quasi-static model. For this research, the analysis has taken a dynamic approach and determined the dissipation energy of a structure which is made of spider silk “Dragline” and produced by the Argiope-Argentata spider, through an analytical-experimental way, when being subjected to impulsive loading. Both experimental and analytical results, the latter obtained by using adjusted models, have given high levels of dissipation energy during the first cycle of vibration, which are consistent with the values suggested by other authors.

关键词： dissipation energy     impact     visco-elastic material     spider silk    

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Durable and recyclable BiOBr/silk fibroin-cellulose acetate composite film for efficient photodegradation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1765-1775 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2323-y

摘要： A stable and recyclable of BiOBr/silk fibroin-cellulose acetate composite film was prepared by blending-wet phase transformation and in situ precipitate technology. The cellulose acetate film modified by silk fibroin formed a finger-shaped porous structure, which provided a large space for the uniform growth of BiOBr nanosheets and facilitated the shuttle flow of dyes in film. The morphology, phase structure, and optical properties of the composite films were characterized using various techniques, and their photocatalytic performance for dye wastewater was evaluated under visible light irradiation. Results showed that the BiOBr/SF-CA composite film exhibited efficient photocatalytic activity with 99.9% of rhodamine B degradation rate. Moreover, the composite film maintained high catalytic stability because Bi as the active species deposited on the film showed almost no loss. Finally, the possible photocatalytic mechanisms in the BiOBr/SF-CA composite film were speculated through radical-trapping experiments and electron spin resonance testing.

关键词： BiOBr nanosheet     cellulose acetate     silk fibroin     photocatalytic degradation     dye wastewater    

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Analysis of cost effective pavement treatment and budget optimization for arterial roads in the city

Mbakisya ONYANGO, Saliha Ammour MERABTI, Joseph OWINO, Ignatius FOMUNUNG, Weidong WU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 291-299 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0419-5

摘要：

Many transportation agencies lack sufficient funds to maintain and repair roads, which results into increased pavement maintenance cost. Pavement Management System (PMS) has demonstrated to be an essential tool for proper management of infrastructure and proper utilization of available funds. The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga utilized Micropaver software as PMS tool to conduct a pavement management analysis of principal arterials in the City of Chattanooga. The study used the City of Chattanooga pavement database to create the current and future pavement conditions. Maintenance and repair (M&R) planning analysis was also performed in order to determine the most cost-effective treatment and suggest the optimum utilization of funds for the city. An analysis of five budget scenarios was conducted for a five-year plan using the critical pavement condition index (PCI) method (ASTM D6433). Results show that the backlog elimination budget would be the best scenario because it increases the pavement condition and eliminates the backlog of major maintenance and repairs over the five-year period. The unlimited budget seems though ideal, it does not improve pavement condition. Maintaining current condition and limited budget scenarios would increase both the backlog and the total cost of maintenance and repairs over the analysis period.

关键词： PMS     Micropaver     pavement budget     maintenance     rehabilitation    

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冰上丝绸之路海洋科技创新战略研究

李大海,张荧楠

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第6期   页码 64-70 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.012

摘要：

“冰上丝绸之路”共建是我国参与北极保护、开发与治理的重要途径。科技创新是我国推进“冰上丝绸之路”共建的重要支撑。我国在北极科学考察、科研基础设施建设、装备研发制造等方面已经具有一定的基础，但也存在统筹机制弱、投入不足、平台建设滞后等问题。应围绕《中国的北极政策》白皮和“冰上丝绸之路”共建的有关原则，大力推进北极海洋认知、保护、开发和治理相关科学技术创新和人文社科研究，在北极海洋观测、海洋海冰研究、生物和生态系统研究、污染防治、气候变化响应、航运技术、油气开发技术等方面谋求取得更大突破。通过加强双边多边合作、发起国际大科学计划、建立公共平台、加强人才交流与培养等方式，推动“冰上丝绸之路”科技创新不断走向深入。

关键词： “冰上丝绸之路”     海洋科技     “一带一路”    

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加强“21世纪海上丝绸之路”战略支点建设研究

张大勇

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第2期   页码 105-110 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.013

摘要：

21世纪海上丝绸之路战略支点是指承载我国与沿线国家经贸、科技、文化合作功能的空间区域。近年来，我国与沿线国家在经贸合作园区、交通基础设施建设等方面开展了广泛合作，取得了良好效果，但也存在顶层设计不清晰、空间布局不合理、合作方式较单一、合作层次不丰富等问题。本研究以围绕“五通”加强战略支点建设为研究目标，在我国对外贸易数据分析为基础，利用层次分析法和德尔菲法，提出了战略支点建设的重点区域和建设模式，并从推进经贸合作区建设、加强科技文化交流、深化地区与行业合作等方面提出了政策建议。

关键词： 21世纪海上丝绸之路     战略支点     经贸合作     科技合作    

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“21世纪海上丝绸之路”蓝色经济国际合作：驱动因素、领域识别与机制构建

陈明宝,韩立民

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第2期   页码 98-104 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.012

摘要：

当今世界，蓝色经济已经成为全球海洋领域发展的重点，它强调的是海洋经济的可持续发展，突出国家间通过通力合作共同促进海洋资源开发与海洋生态环境保护。“21世纪海上丝绸之路”建设恰为中国与沿线国家的蓝色经济合作提供重要平台。从这一关系为切入点，研究沿线国家蓝色经济合作的驱动因素，构建包括国家战略发展、区域比较优势、政府政策导向、区域环境安全在内的蓝色经济合作领域选择依据，在考虑蓝色经济合作的一般领域的基础上，选择了资源能源、海洋产业、海洋科技、海洋生态环境作为中国与沿线国家合作的重点领域，并针对合作领域构建了以市场主导、陆海统筹、协作治理与利益协调为框架的合作机制。

关键词： 21世纪海上丝绸之路     蓝色经济     驱动因素     领域识别     合作机制    

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古丝绸之路铁路畅通关键问题及对策

何华武

《工程（英文）》 2016年 第2卷 第3期   页码 288-291 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.017

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New Challenges, New Opportunities and New Measures for Oil and Gas Cooperation in the Belt and Road

Yu-pu Wang,He Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 301-313 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016055

摘要： First-mover advantage and solid foundation of oil and gas cooperation is very important to the Belt and Road Initiative. Deeply studied opportunities and challenges of oil and gas cooperation have far-reaching significance to the cooperation in other industries in the Belt and Road. In this article, based on the systematic analysis of the oil and gas supply security, investment environment, regional win-win situation in oil and gas cooperation, new opportunities and challenges about upstream, pipeline, refining, trade, warehousing, engineering technology and equipment are studied. Enhancing capacities in four areas and implementing the 16 measures are given for deepening oil and gas cooperation in the future. Meanwhile, this article also gives suggestions and cooperation directions for countries and companies.

关键词： the Belt and Road     oil & gas cooperation     new challenges     new opportunities     new measures    

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一种城市主干道信号动态协调控制方法及其应用 Article

Guo-jiang SHEN,Yong-yao YANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第17卷 第9期   页码 907-918 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500227

摘要： 概要：针对城市主干道的交通流特征，提出了一种新的交通信号协调控制方法。其核心控制算法包括两个模块：控制子区划分模块和信号协调控制模块。本文首先分析了相邻交叉口的路段长度、路段交通密度以及交叉口信号配时参数对相邻交叉口交通关联度的影响，然后设计了基于分层结构的相邻交叉口交通关联度的模糊计算方法和基于关联度的主干道控制子区划分方法。接着提出了一种控制子区协调控制算法，根据一段时间内交通流信息计算控制子区公共信号周期、路段上下行相位差和各路口的绿信比。实际应用表明该控制方法能有效降低主干道交通流平均旅行时间和平均停车率，效果令人满意。

关键词： 城市主干道；控制子区；协调控制；关联度；模糊逻辑；智能交通    

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New Year’s Message for 2023

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1613-4

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Mechanical performance analysis and stiffness test of a new type of suspension bridge

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1160-1180 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0760-6

摘要： A new type of suspension bridge is proposed based on the gravity stiffness principle. Compared with a conventional suspension bridge, the proposed bridge adds rigid webs and cross braces. The rigid webs connect the main cable and main girder to form a truss that can improve the bending stiffness of the bridge. The cross braces connect the main cables to form a closed space truss structure that can improve the torsional stiffness of the bridge. The rigid webs and cross braces are installed after the construction of a conventional suspension bridge is completed to resist different loads with different structural forms. A new type of railway suspension bridge with a span of 340 m and a highway suspension bridge with a span of 1020 m were designed and analysed using the finite element method. The stress, deflection of the girders, unbalanced forces of the main towers, and natural frequencies were compared with those of conventional suspension bridges. A stiffness test was carried out on the new type of suspension bridge with a small span, and the results were compared with those for a conventional bridge. The results showed that the new suspension bridge had a better performance than the conventional suspension bridge.

关键词： new type of suspension bridge     stiffness test     mechanical performance     railway bridge     space truss    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Silk Roads for the 21st Century: Engineering Mega-Infrastructure for Development and Sustainability

Tony Marjoram

期刊论文

A novel strategy for the construction of silk fibroin–SiO composite aerogel with enhanced mechanical

期刊论文

Construction of sustainable, colored and multifunctional protein silk fabric using biomass riboflavin

期刊论文

Structural synthesis of ancient Chinese foot-operated silk-reeling mechanism

Kuohung HSIAO, Yuhsun CHEN, Hongsen YAN,

期刊论文

Determination of energy dissipation of a spider silk structure under impulsive loading

Jorge ALENCASTRE,Carlos MAGO,Richard RIVERA

期刊论文

Durable and recyclable BiOBr/silk fibroin-cellulose acetate composite film for efficient photodegradation

期刊论文

Analysis of cost effective pavement treatment and budget optimization for arterial roads in the city

Mbakisya ONYANGO, Saliha Ammour MERABTI, Joseph OWINO, Ignatius FOMUNUNG, Weidong WU

期刊论文

冰上丝绸之路海洋科技创新战略研究

李大海,张荧楠

期刊论文

加强“21世纪海上丝绸之路”战略支点建设研究

张大勇

期刊论文

“21世纪海上丝绸之路”蓝色经济国际合作：驱动因素、领域识别与机制构建

陈明宝,韩立民

期刊论文

古丝绸之路铁路畅通关键问题及对策

何华武

期刊论文

New Challenges, New Opportunities and New Measures for Oil and Gas Cooperation in the Belt and Road

Yu-pu Wang,He Liu

期刊论文

一种城市主干道信号动态协调控制方法及其应用

Guo-jiang SHEN,Yong-yao YANG

期刊论文

New Year’s Message for 2023

期刊论文

Mechanical performance analysis and stiffness test of a new type of suspension bridge

期刊论文